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KMID : 1172020150160010067
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Journal of Korean Bioethics Association
2015 Volume.16 No. 1 p.67 ~ p.82
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Tension between data sharing and proprietary interests in the establishment of public genomic databases
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Cho Eun-Hee
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Abstract
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Knowledge on nucleic acid sequences is indispensable for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases as well as basic biological research. To maximize the value of the information, it is important to collate the sequence data in an easily accessible database. The amount of nucleic acid sequence information exploded with the advancement of genomic research. In the beginning, commercial genetic databases seemed to be a good business model which allows sharing the information while protecting intellectual property rights. In general, intellectual property rights such as patents are to provide incentives for research and development. However, possibilities of multiple patents from a single gene sequence and/or broad property rights elicited concern for the adverse effects of monopoly on genetic sequences. Recognizing genetic information as a common heritage of mankind, researchers and international research funding agencies worked hard to share genetic information through open access within the scientific community. Sharing nucleic acid data through public genetic databases such as Genbank directly stimulates research and development in the biomedical fields. It also benefits the field indirectly by lowering the number of patents or other commercial exploitation of genetic information.
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KEYWORD
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data-sharing, open-access, genetic sequence databases, Genbank, genetic sequences
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